The Crucible by Arthur Miller - 651 Words

Drama is around us every day, everywhere people go no matter what is happening it is there. That is what The Crucible is about; Teenagers starting drama and spreading false rumors. Abigail is responsible for the witch hunts in Salem because of her immaturity, obsession with John Proctor, and for being a liar. This story takes place in small town Salem where you worked and went to church, until some teenagers of the town said some false things about the most innocent people of the town. Abigail Williams is responsible for the Salem witch hunts because she is a liar. Parris was hustling Abigail with questions as to what the girls were doing in the woods. Abigail claimed, â€Å"But we never conjured spirits† (Miller 170). Abigail is to be blamed because she first lied about conjuring spirits in the woods. Then the girls are in Betty’s room trying to wake her. Abigail cautioned the girls, â€Å"Now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth’s dead sis ters. And that’s all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Miller 175). Abigail is not just lying personally but now, she is telling the other girls to lie as well. Abigail is not admitting to what she did wrong already and she will not back down now. Another reason that Abigail is solely responsible for the witch hunts is that she is very immature. They are in court and Mary Warren is trying to tell the truth about the girls lying but as soon as the court starts to believe Mary, Abigail turns their attention to Marry by lying about Mary sending her spiritShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

Nursing Profession or Calling

Nursing: Profession or Calling? Not so long ago it turned out so, that I found myself at the hospital for recovery period after quite a serious surgical operation. My doctor was perfect – a real professional surgeon with a bit severe, but extremely careful attitude to a patient. Anyway, it was my nurse, who stuck in my memory, because she was taking care not only of my body, but also gave me great emotional support, which was more than necessary for me after a surgery when I felt weak and scared. This situation helped me realize that nursing is not only a respected profession, but also a calling, based on love to people and desire to give help and support to those in need. The origins of this profession go back to the initial and natural calling of an ancient woman to take care of her family. Probably, this fact can explain, why the majority of nurses are women, since naturally it is more of a female prerogative to be a keeper of a healthy emotional state of the people around her, which reflects in professions that traditionally attract women. Being a nurse is not only being a medical worker, who distributes medicines and takes care of â€Å"another patient†. When this â€Å"another patient† is treated like a human being in his or her most vulnerable state of physical and emotional weakness, it influences greatly and favorably the process of recovery, and a nurse is able to make it happen by her attitude. That is why it is my deep believe, that

I Visit My Old High School For Their Annual Spring Musical

On March 10, 2016, I visited my old high school for their annual spring musical which includes the band and orchestra. The orchestra generally played 4 pieces Symphony No. 5 by Beethoven, Symphony No. 9 by Beethoven, Beethoven Symphony No.6, and Tchaikovsky No.6. The orchestra would also be playing other various musical selections for private judges only. The school orchestra was conducted by Sasha Brown who is also a former member of the philharmonic orchestra. Mrs. Brown also helps assess unprivileged teens with music scholarships, and help open up many opportunities for them. The stage was brightly lit from both on stage and around the entire auditorium. The musicians were arranged in a semi-circle around stage. The back rows of the strings section were seated on risers and high stools. They were all wearing silky smooth burgundy shirts, the boys wore black pants, and the girls wore black skirts. They seemed confident in their playing, very settled, and accustomed to being on stag e. Each student on stage had excellent posture and concentration. I was very impressed with the level of skill they played with, being only in high school. The music selection that was performed was classical. The orchestra was standard and composed essentially violins, violas, cellos, flutes, and etc. First the violinist gave a brief synopsis to the pieces they would be playing. After an overview of the program the rest of the performers came out on stage. Once all the performersShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pages5:00 p.m. Ohio Wesleyan University Writing Center  © 2011 Writing Guidelines for Statements of Purpose Contents Writing Your Statement of Purpose ................................................................................................ 1 I. 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In the first chapter of my research paper you willRead MoreCorporate Structure of Yamaha23785 Words   |  96 Pagesfor Business Partners Fair Evaluation and Selection in Partner Relationships Survey of CSR Measures of Business Partners Contributing to Society Through Sound and Music Support for Aspiring Young Musicians Hamamatsu Jazz Week Reaching Out to Schools with Lessons on the Science of Sound Environmental Management Environmental Management Promotion Structure Material Balance Goals and Achievements Environmental Accounting Management of Chemical Substances Management of Chemical SubstancesRead MorePepsi Project Report13786 Words   |  56 Pagestraining through which I come to know that what an industry is and how it works. I can learn about various departmental operations being performed in the industry, which would, in return, help me in the future when I will enter the practical field. Training is an integral part of PGDM and each and every student has to undergo the training for 2 months in a company and then prepare a project report on the same after the completion of training. During this whole training I got a lot of experienceRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesIn 1919, when Langston Hughes was seventeen years old, he spent the summer with his father, Jim Hughes, in Toluca, Mexico. Langston had not seen his father since he was a small child, and he was excited about making the trip. However, during this visit, no affectionate bond would develop between Langston and Jim. Jim Hughes was a cold, difficult man, who was driven by ambition to make money and achieve respect. He had moved to Mexico to avoid segregation and racial injustice in the United StatesRead MoreMandinka Empire21578 Words   |  87 Pagesadditional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hia/summary/v032/32.1schaffer.html Access Provided by your local institution at 03/10/13 1:43PM GMT BOUND TO AFRICA: THE MANDINKA LEGACY IN THE NEW WORLD MATT SCHAFFER I I offer here a theory of â€Å"cultural convergence,† as a corollary to Darwin’s natural selection, regarding how slave Creoles and culture were formed among the Gullah and, by extension, supported by other examples, in the Americas. When numerous speakersRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 Pagesotherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers. First published /968 Eighteenth impression /986 ISBN 0-582-52306-0 Produced by Longman Singapore Publishers Pte Ltd Printed in Singapore Contents TO THE TEACHER I page I It s high time men ceased to regard women as second-class citizens smoking 6 2 World governments should conduct serious campaigns against 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 3 Television is doing irreparable harm 4 Any form ofRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesBUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 APPLICATION SECOND EDITION E S S AY S APPLICATION BUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 ECSNS A IYI O N S SE O D ED T With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTIN’S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. 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Introduction writing guide A significant aspect of China is its long cultural and national history. The Chinese people have shared a common culture

White Like Me Race, Racism, And White Privilege - 936 Words

If you were to look up the definition of white privilege, it would say something along the lines of, benefits given to white people based solely on the fact that they are white. In Tim Wise documentary, White Like Me: Race, Racism, and White Privileged in America, he talks about white privilege and how it is negatively affecting America. He argues that by wanting to go back to the traditional America idea is really wanting for the unequal treatment of people of color, refusing to acknowledge how racism is working in our judicial system, and that by being colorblind is only enforcing white privilege. In the documentary when Tim Wise asked many white Americans how they felt about the economy in 2008, many replied and referenced that they wanted to go back to the 50’s, where they believed things were much better. They would say things like the economy was better because jobs were better not actually knowing that in the 1950’s about 91% of their income was being taxed instead of 35% of their income being taxed in 2008. Tim Wise explained that their longing to go back to the 1950’s was due to the fact that they felt their tax money was going to black people who instead of looking for a job would rather just use the government instead, but what they do not know is that for 100’s of year government has been giving financial help to white people but not people of color. The reason for their belief that their tax money was always going to African-Americans on welfare was because thatShow MoreRelatedWhite Privilege : How It Relates Everyday Life1294 Words   |   6 PagesWhite Privilege: How It Relates to Everyday Life How does one define a phenomenon that they are oblivious to? To answer this question, it is necessary to explore the spectacle of the hidden perspectives of racism. McIntosh described white privilege as â€Å"an invisible package of unearned assets† that are â€Å"meant to remain oblivious† (2016, p. 151). Most whites are raised to live their life with a sense of individuality and a mindset of moral neutrality that gives them the privilege to present themselvesRead Morewhite privilege1595 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ White Privilege: Reflection Paper Northeastern State University Abstract This paper is about my reflection of White Privilege in the United States. I got my information from four resources. The first resource was the handout provided for this assignment; White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack, by Peggy McIntosh. The second resource was the website, www.jstor.com. Access is provided via Northeastern State University as a resource for peer-reviewed articles. ThirdlyRead MoreSociology : White Privilege, Stratification ( Marx + Weber ) And Racial Sterotyping Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pages-8255593 Concepts: White Privilege, Stratification (Marx+Weber) and Racial Sterotyping As I stood upon the stage at Nelson College, receiving my 2013 prefect honours, I took a moment to consider my surroundings. I looked upon the hall of over 1000 young men in front of me, and saw people of all colours, backgrounds and cultures. A ‘diverse group of students from over 50 countries’ as the school administration never failed to remind us. However, as I turned to see the 20 prefects beside me, and the groupRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film White Like Me 1188 Words   |  5 Pages Tim Wise’s film â€Å"White Like Me† is an educational documentary about racism and white privilege. The film begins with Wise’s personal story on how he learned the importance of race at a young age after attending preschool at Tennessee State University, a historically African American college. Being one of the only Caucasian students and being taught by predominantly African American administrators, allowed Wise to gain respect for African American authority figu res which ultimately made a huge differenceRead MoreWhite Privilege On Social Media994 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In today’s society when white privilege is discussed one might think of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), white supremacy, Black Lives Matter Movement, and maybe even presidential hopeful Donald Trump. The idea of this ingrained privilege that was once overt and now presents itself more subtly seems absurd. Many people, no matter their race or ethnicity, do not see this privilege that others hold. Whether it is ignorance or they are oblivious depends on the individual, but looking at statisticsRead MoreDoes Affirmative Action Correct Past Injustices?942 Words   |  4 PagesJustice: Does Affirmative Action correct past injustices? Privilege and discrimination are very complex due to the fact that there is not only one factor that goes into causing a person to be discriminated against. Traits such as race, sex, class, gender, and sexual orientation are just a few of the numerous reasons why someone might possess privilege or be a victim of discrimination. This is the â€Å"concept of Intersectionality [which] recognizes that people can be privileged in some ways and definitelyRead MoreThe Heart Of Whiteness By Robert Jensen895 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is dislike a person, or it is a fast judgment for the way that person s looks, and without known anything about the person, indeed, the main reason behind racism is the lack of education. Racism is a true problem, existed hundred years ago in America, in fact, Americans showed hatred against other people especially immigrants. Some citizens of the United States of America believe the racism’s issue is resolved and it is over, also they think we all li ve in an equal rights era, while othersRead MoreWhite Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Backpack786 Words   |  4 PagesWhite Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Backpack Peggy McIntosh’s piece â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack† describes the privileges white people gets without realizing their advantage over others. Peggy talks about racism being a part of everyday life even though we ignore it. Her main idea was to inform the readers that whites are taught to ignore the fact that they enjoy social privileges that people of color do not because we live in a society of white dominance. 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Upper-class and middle-class people usually consist of white people who have a lot of money and have more opportunities than any other social class. While the lower-class people don t have the same resources and opportunities like the people above them. The lower-class tends to have a more difficult time getting

Sociology and Recreational Facilities Free Essays

I am glad to have been given this opportunity to talk to you today. The title of my speech is ‘Social ills among teenagers’. A lot has been said about the deviant behavior of teenagers. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology and Recreational Facilities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our education system, the media, teenagers themselves and their parents have been blamed. here is no need to point an accusing finger at any particular group, but keeping mum over the issue is tantamount to condoning it. Our youths are our most valuable assets. They are the future leaders of the nation. The harm has already been done and it is now up to us to undo it. One of the main reasons why our youths go astray may be the lack of parental supervision. Nowadays, both parents go out to work. Children are left in the care of foreign maids and child-minders. As a result, they are faced with the threat of the disintegration of the family values and thus, the rising trend in social ills and crimes among teenagers. Parents should closely monitor the activities of their children and be understanding. When parents are often too busy pursuing their own careers to spare some thought for the welfare of their children, children grow up with little religious or moral guidance. When they do not get love and attention at home, they seek attention from others who may or may not come from similar backgrounds. Thus, the social ills affecting our youth may be a reflection of a much larger problem, such as the disintegration of the family unit. Ladies and gentlemen, the media may also play a part in the moral degradation among teenagers. Television programs which show violence and sex and glorify other negative aspects should be restricted. There should also be stricter enforcement of the ban on pornographic material. Teenagers with little or nothing to do during their spare time usually take to the streets. Therefore, recreational facilities such as those found in sports complexes should be available to all youths. at present, existing recreational facilities seem to either be exclusively for the rich or for older people. the establishment of teen clubs and community centers, that do not charge high fees and that specially target teenagers, should be given top priority. In conclusion, ladies and gentlemen, everyone, including religious, educational and social institutions, as well as individuals and the media, must cooperate with the authorities to combat the social ills afflicting our teenagers. It is important that people, especially youths, do not get into the rut of moral decay. There should be a thorough study of the problem before a proper strategy can be mapped out to channel our youths towards healthier lifestyles. Thank you for your kind attention and have a nice day. How to cite Sociology and Recreational Facilities, Papers

Marketing Plan for Soft landing Business-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Plan for Soft landing Business. Answer: Introduction Types of mattresses The style and type of mattresses have a very crucial impact on the possibility of any re use and recoverability of material. Every style of mattress comes with its own set of challenges associated with its handling and if possible at all, the recovery. While evaluating the possibility of any kind of re-use certain types of mattresses have better scope in this regard than the others (Chang, Yang, n.d.). Supply and the source of discarded mattresses As the global demand for mattresses continues to grow with an increasing demand for luxury mattresses and the doctor recommended mattresses, there is an almost equal rate of growth in the disposal of mattresses. With growing environmental concerns about the threat to the natural environment and the ecological balance because of the landfills, the mattress recycling industry has been growing steadily over the last few years. The domestic market accounts for almost 95% percent of the market share of the mattress sales. The waste mattresses collected account for approximately 50 million tonnes for landfill every year. The potential market for this segment is very wide and includes not just the general public but is the need of the other industries like healthcare and hospitality industries that are among the biggest consumers of the mattress industry. These industries are always faced with the problem of disposing of a large number of used mattresses every year and form one of the biggest supplier and consumer market of the mattress recycling industry. Sector wise distribution of the source market The Domestic market In Australia, approximately 1.6 to 1.8 million mattresses are discarded or reach end-of-life every year. The domestic market accounts for almost 95 percent of the discarded mattress market while the institutional market is almost 5 percent. Out of the total market size, almost 40 percent of the mattresses are illegally dumped or have an uncertain fate. Hospitals and the other healthcare facilities The hospital mattress manufacturers are generally specialists and the hospital mattresses are made of latex foam or a polythene foam core with a protective layer of the PVC cover. The mattresses designed for the hospital use have different sitting and laying positions as they are bent to adjust to the bed frames. Therefore, the life of hospital mattress is only for a period of 9 to 18 months depending on the intensity of usage. Therefore, the hospitals and the healthcare facilities have a much higher turnover rate as compared to the domestic sector with almost 15 to 20 percent of the mattresses being replaced every year. However, the mattresses that are contaminated with bodily fluid have to be incinerated and cannot be recycled. The clean mattresses are being sent for recycling and many facilities send their discarded mattresses for landfill. A tie up with the local authorities and private healthcare and nursing care facilities could boost the supply by a large margin (Crowdfunding social ventures: a model and research agenda, n.d.). Prisons The prisons also use foam mattresses like the hospitals for functional reasons. These are also purchased in bulk and have a shorter life span than the domestic markets because of rough use and constant wear and tear. These mattresses are also made of a foam core and a layer of PVC coating but they have to conform to the regulations of flammability and fire safety. Approximately 49 percent of the mattresses are disposed off every year. Army accommodations Unlike the other sectors, it is very difficult to calculate the number or percentage of mattresses being purchased for army accommodations as the army accommodation has many bifurcations. The army personnel making use of the single living accommodation can be taken as the source market, but many of the mattresses purchased are used by SLA located in different locations and even overseas. Therefore, an exact estimate of the waste mattresses arising from this sector is difficult to calculate. Commercial and hospitality industry Out of the total number of mattresses used by the institutional sectors, the hospitality industry which includes the hostels, hotels, beds breakfast businesses, youth hostels, and caravan parks, accounts for 20 percent of the consumption. The number of mattresses being used in the sector amounts to roughly two times the number of rooms in the industry. The average life span of the mattresses in the hotel industry varies from a period of 4 years to 7 years. The hostels, caravan parks, youth hostels use less premium mattresses and therefore more frequent replacement is required. Roughly one-third of the mattresses in the commercial and hospitality sectors are being replaced every year creating a huge potential market for the recycling industry. SWOT Analysis of the Mattress Recycling Business Strengths: Waste and discarded mattresses would always be available all the year round and having a tie up with the local authorities and industries will ensure a regular supply at reasonable prices (Z, n.d.). The consistency of the constituent material in the mattresses is more or less constant and the reclaimed materials have a market value. The business does not require any kind of specialized and expensive equipment so overhead costs can be kept low (End of Life Mattress Report 2016, n.d.). The process of reclaiming the material maintains the quality and market value of the reclaimed material as compared to the quality of the material in the other processes like shredding. The business and the marketing model can be easily replicated at different branches and sites provided the market and supplier capacity exists (Z, n.d.). Weaknesses: The mattress recycling process and reclaiming of materials is a more costly option than the other cheaper alternative like landfill The business depends a lot on the gate fee charges to recover the business costs and lower gate fees could reduce the economic viability of the operations. There needs to be a market available for the end use of the reclaimed materials especially the mixed textiles (James, 2015). The mattress supply is dependent on a number of distributed sources of supply which are sometimes spread over a geographical area. Scaling up the sites at some locations becomes difficult due to supply chain a logistics difficulties and diminished economies of scale for processing manually (Z, n.d.). In some regions, there is a limited scope for automated processing facilities at a large scale. The economies of scale are generally poor for the processing operations. The insurance costs are high due to the hazardous risks to life by fire (Z, n.d.). Opportunities There are a very few companies dealing with the mattress recycling business in Australia and there is a lot of scope for expansion of the business in untapped cities. There is a growing awareness among the people and the governments to look for alternative and more environment-friendly methods of disposing the waste mattresses instead of the widely prevalent landfill option (Lehmann, n.d.). The operation is very simple and it is easy to set up in a new location. The business can work with the retailers and develop retail take-back schemes to augment the income generated and could source better quality mattresses as a result (Strategic marketing for social entrepreneurs, n.d.). The business has the opportunity to enter into collaboration with the local authorities in a new location and existing sites to improve the collection methods and services. This would also improve the quality and quantity of the waste mattresses being collected. The tie up with the local authorities would also improve the funding requirements for the project (Mattress recycling - mwrrg.vic.gov.au, n.d.). The company could work with the local authorities and social organizations to improve awareness about the benefits of recycling as compared to landfill and in the long run eliminate the option of waste mattresses being sent to landfill reducing the ecological burden on the environment (Nelles, 2013). Threats The industry is still in the nascent stages of development and cannot cover all locations especially the areas with low density of population. There is no actual quality control that can be exercised on the quality of the waste mattresses being supplied and picked up. The soiled and wet mattresses are much lower in quality and affect the profitability of the organization. The competition from cheaper options available to people like shredding and landfill. To set up operations in a new location, the company requires the co-operation from the local authorities (Oxfordshire, n.d.). Any kind of design and material change in the manufacturing of the mattresses in the future may have a huge impact on the recycling operations especially on the materials which are extracted for the purpose of recovery (Small Business Secrets: Social enterprises springing up, 2016). The drop in the market price of steel can affect the market for steel springs which constitute almost 50 percent of the mattress components. Market Demand for recycled materials from the mattresses The materials from the mattresses which can be obtained for recycling purpose form the major revenue generators for this industry. The mattresses are made of a number of materials; the reclaimed portion of these materials is sold to another end user market where they are reused into the manufacturing of fresh products. Some of the reclaimed material can also be sold for energy generation from waste materials or as a landfill cover in certain cases where there is no other option (State of Waste 2016 current and future Australian trends, 2016). Steel, PUR foam, cotton, felt, plastic, and other mixed textiles form the main constituent materials of a mattress. The mixed textile accounts for almost 35 percent of the weight of a mattress and the other natural fibres like jute, hemp, coconut fibers, sisal form approximately 7 percent of the weight of a mattress. The natural fibres are also grouped into mixed textiles since they are difficult to segregate and separate during the reclaiming process. Steel is the metal which is widely used in the mattresses as springs and the scrap steel reclaimed from the mattresses forms the other major material sold to the end users. But the value of the steel springs reclaimed from the mattresses is much lower in the market because of the distorted shape of the springs. Spring contractors are available but are very expensive. Purchase of a spring contractor may lead to a substantial increase in the overhead costs (The City of Cardiff Council, n.d.). The PUR foam which is reclaimed from the mattresses has three end user markets: generating energy from waste, recycling and used as the cover for landfill along with the mixed textiles. Out of the three options, recycling brings the maximum revenue as the market for this product is big. The value of the reclaimed PUR foam depends on its quality, source and the intended use. The energy generating market and the landfill cover market offers a very limited scope and generate much lower income (Whistler, J., et al., n.d.). PUR foam segregated from the discarded mattresses is very widely used for re-bonding purposes, where small pieces of the foam are bonded under high pressure and these pieces are used for products like gym mats and carpet underlay. However, the market for PUR foam is dependent on the source of the discarded mattresses and the final consumers perceptions about the hygienic quality of the foam being recycled (Zysman, 2014). Barriers to Business There are several barriers to the development of mattress recycling business. Some of the critical barriers are: Obtaining a sufficient gate fee to sustain the economic viability of the business and make it an attractive opportunity for investment and development. A substantive gate fee is important for the economic viability of the business because of the low quality of materials arising from the discarded mattresses because of the poor collection methods (Boone, n.d.). The overhead and costs cannot be reduced further due to very tight margins. Operational barriers arise due to the unavailability of clean and dry mattresses. The business is dependent on procurement from the local authorities like the government aided hospitals and the healthcare facilities which form one of the biggest supply markets for this business. The Landfill is a cheaper method of disposing of the old mattresses, therefore, tougher laws and regulations, more incentives and educational initiatives from the government are required to promote mattress recycling among the general public (Collection of non-clothing textiles case study: Mattress ... n.d.). The government would need to incentivize the mattress recycling operations to make them more attractive for investment and commercial mattress recycling would receive a boost. Competition and Risks The main risk associated with this business is the obtaining the dry and unsoiled mattresses for recycling and generating the right amount of gate fee to support the cost of the business The main competition of this business is from the other waste processes which send the discarded mattresses either for landfill or the mattresses are shredded in the general waste management processes. Shredding is an option which is a low-cost alternative to landfill and helps in the recovery of the metallic parts from the mattresses. But this process significantly lowers the quality of the constituent material obtained for use by the relevant end markets. Risks and Hazards in the Mattress Recycling Methods Inconsistent disclosure and application of sterilization and the health standards of the re-furbished and re-used mattresses. Worker safety is a big concern in the lifting, dismantling, and the recycling process. The danger of fire and vermin infestation due to poor storage facilities has been observed at many places. The dust and the fibers surrounding the mattress recycling unit sites can trigger an asthmatic attack or any other respiratory allergic reaction in the people. Workers should be provided with gas masks (Cubby, 2012). Mattresses are heavy and the manual collection services cause a lot of stress on the joints and the back of the collection staff. Bed bugs, mites, parasites, and infectious diseases contaminating the mattresses create a serious health risk for the mattress collectors and recycling unit workers. Marketing and Business Development Opportunities for the coming year The company is able to convert 95 percent of the mattress material into some form of recyclable materials and proceeding in this manner the company will divert almost 70 percent of the waste from landfill in the coming few years. The mattress recycling firm can offer its recycled material to different manufacturers that need the raw material at cheap rates. For example, the cotton from the mattresses can be sold to the rag manufacturers for whose brand the environmental commitment forms an important aspect. The felt and cotton recovered from the mattresses can also be sold for the purpose of insulation and make new felt (Guilfoil, n.d.). Another good potential market for the recycled and reclaimed material is the mattress manufacturers. The firm can supply the mattress manufacturers with a steady stream of reclaimed and recycled material. Keeping in mind the growing environmental consciousness among the public, the mattress manufacturers that use the recycled material will gain an edge over their competitors (LeBlanc, n.d.). The company should contact and consider a business arrangement with the mulch businesses in the region. But the company will have to disclose the fact that the wood that the company is selling to the mulch businesses comes out of a used mattress that has been discarded and recycled. The wood can also be sold to the bio-fuel manufacturers (Mattress recycling faces market challenges, report warns, 2016). Financials The largest operating costs of the mattress recycling business are the property costs, training, and salary expenses which account for almost 60 to 70 percent of the operating expenditure. The revenues that are generated are derived mainly from the approximate gate fees $ 15 per mattress and the sales revenue from the material sent for recycling. The gate fee was determined from the information collected from the other mattress recycling operations from European and American industries. The market of collecting and processing the end-of-life mattresses is very competitive and the whole process operates at a very little margin. The scrap material recovered has an approximate value of around $2.40 each. The steel scrap is valued at almost $85 to $ 120 each tonne, foam measures at $ 650 per tonne. The recovered mixed textiles and the recycled timber have very little monetary value. This significantly impacts the cost of dismantling a mattress. The dismantling process requires a critical disassembly and can lead to a lot of environmental pollution if the process is handled in an irresponsible manner. The financial aspect of the mattress recycling is highly dependent on the collection charges and the gate fee (West, Lazzaro, n.d.). In the mattress recycling business the relationship between the gate fees which is approximately $15 to $20 for each mattress accounts for almost 90 percent of the income of the business, and the recovered and reclaimed material which sells for approximately $2.20 each, is very low. As compared to mattress recycling, in the other mature recycling sectors the value of the recovered and recycled material accounts for almost 55 percent of the business revenue and the gate fees accounts for approximately 45 percent of the revenue. Even in recessive sectors like tires, the scrap material accounts for almost 20 percent of the business earnings. The company also has to work at reducing the overhead costs in which the transportation costs are the most significant elements. The company can work with the municipal waste collection workstations to significantly lower the transport costs. The company has to make an investment in purchasing second-hand balers and contractors for the business operations in the current year as these can significantly raise the value of the scrap. The balers can compress the mixed textiles into smaller bales which are easy to transport and store and have a higher market value. Similarly, the contractors can take the air out of the mattress springs increasing the market value of the recycled springs to almost the double. These factors will improve the profitability of the business and reduce the dependency on the gate fees as the main income generator in the coming years. Conclusions The waste generation in Australia has grown to almost 50 million tonnes a year and approximately each individual contributes a waste of 2 tonnes each year. However, the growing concern and awareness about the environment and ecology have given a boost to the recycling industry and the mattress recycling has grown significantly in the last few years since 2005. The waste being sent to landfill has drastically reduced as recycling facilities have been established at different places and according to a survey report almost 58 percent of the waste is being sent for recycling now instead of a landfill and the percentage will continue to grow in the coming years. The dismantling process of a mattress is driven by manual labour in Australia and this has provided a lot of employment opportunities to the unskilled labourers. But the recovery of the constituent components for recycling and reclaiming purposes is reduced greatly by the manual labour processes (Method of recycling visco-elastic foam and compressible cushion product formed thereby, n.d.). To improve the profitability of the business and to make it a self sustainable operation, the company needs to invest in purchasing certain automated equipment like balers and contractors. These would not just reduce the overhead storage and transportation costs but also improve the market value of the scrap improving the profitability of the company significantly (O'Kane, 2016). The company should also work to encourage the retail sector, mattress manufacturers and mattress retailers to make a contribution for the cost of disposal, recycling, and the illegal dumping of mattresses. The company should focus on collaborating with the overall retail sector to encourage take-back schemes and the drop-off collection points by including the disposal fees in the cost price of the mattress. This will go a long way in reducing the collection costs and illegal dumping of the waste mattresses (Rapoport, n.d.). To generate greater support for its business activity and the social initiative of recycling and reusing the scrap materials from the waste mattresses, the company should hold educational and informational drives and hold a workshop for the people who re-use the reclaimed material from the mattresses, to discuss the acceptable quality standards for the material quality and identify the specific characteristics of the end-user market to improve the quality of scrap produced (Social Return on Investment (SROI) and Performance Measurement, n.d.). While looking at improving the processes of the business the company should also work to reduce the occupational hazards associated with the recycling process. The workers and the labourers are subject to a lot of safety, health and occupational problems which are associated with the handling of cumbersome and heavy mattresses, and many times potentially infectious and soiled mattresses (The afterlife of mattresses, n.d.) 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